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Biological age and cognitive functions in surgeons under round-o-clock duties

Biological age and cognitive functions in surgeons under round-o-clock duties

ISSN 2223-6775 Ukrainian journal of occupational health Vol.17, No 1, 2021

Biological age and cognitive functions in surgeons under round-o-clock duties

Bobko N.A., Dovgopola S.P.

https://doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2021.01.035

State Institution "Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", Kyiv

Full article (PDF)

Introduction. Biological age provides an opportunity for some integral assessment of the state of health. Method V.P. Voytenko (1991) is based on the indicators of the functioning of the circulatory system and health complaints, the method of A.G. Gorelkin and B.B. Pinkhasov (2010) - on anthropometric indicators characterizing the state of connective tissue and metabolic processes. The working conditions of surgeons are classified as the highest hazard class for the labor intensity factor (class 3.3), that is described in the literature as a risk factor for the development of pathology of the circulatory system, metabolic disorders and the formation of obesity.

The purpose of the study is to define the biological age and aging rate of surgeons working 24-hour shifts, and to reveal the specific features of the correlation between the professionally important cognitive functions performance and indicators that form the biological age of surgeons.

Materials and methods. 67 surgeons aged 23-74 years old (M ± m: 41.33 ± 1.37) were examined using two methods to assess the biological age (according to V.P. Voytenko and according to A.G. Gorelkin - B.B. Pinkhasov), in 34 surgeons of them (24-62 years old; M ± m: 42.41 ± 1.90) also were tested professionally important cognitive functions. Statistical processing of the data was carried out at the level of p<0.05.

Results. The biological age of the surgeons according to V.P. Voytenko averaged 53.55 years at the proper biological age of 44.60 years, the aging rate was 8.96 years, which is qualified as an accelerated rate, bordering on a sharply accelerated one. Biological age according to A.G. Gorelkin-B.B. Pinkhasov was 43.0 years old at the aging rate coefficient of 1.11, which is interpreted as an accelerated aging. At the normal mean group levels of blood pressure and heart rate, surgeons showed a number of unfavorable changes in the state of the circulatory system (high peripheral vascular resistance against the background of vagotonia and an increased index of circulatory insufficiency). The body mass index was 28.05 c.u. (which qualifies as pre-obesity), waist size - 96.62 cm (abdominal pre-obesity), waist-to-hip ratio - 0.94 (obesity).

The risk of chronic diseases and the number of complaints are negatively associated with the effectiveness of attention switching, concentration and work with the information flow under time pressure. The volume of short-term memory increases with an increase in heart rate and circulatory minute volume (CMV), but its quality deteriorates with an increase in blood pressure. Attention improves with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, CMV, systolic blood volume, mean-dynamic pressure, a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, and an improvement in static balancing. However, the qualitative realization of the attention function is associated with pathological changes in the self-regulation of blood circulation. The state of metabolism affects concentration of attention: an increase in biological age and also a decrease in the rate of aging according to A.G. Gorelkin-B.B. Pinkhasov is accompanied by a decrease in the effectiveness of the realization of this function.

Conclusions. The rate of body aging in surgeons in terms of cardiovascular system and well-being exceeds that in terms of metabolism, while both are within the zone of accelerated aging. The formation of obesity, which increases the cardiovascular risk, may be the result of the systematic disturbances of the circadian rhythm of sleep-wakefulness. The increased risk of chronic diseases and the number of complaints negatively affect the effectiveness of the realization of the attention function. Memory depends on the state of the circulatory system, while the exploitation of the attention function mobilizes its resources, including its vascular part, which eventually results in pathological changes in blood circulation self-regulation (increased risk of hypertension formation) as a result of the excessively high work intensity of surgeons.

Key words: aging rate, circulatory system, metabolism, mental activity, surgeons, shift work.

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