You are using an outdated browser. For a faster, safer browsing experience, upgrade for free today.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECT OF COMPONENTS OF THE WORK TENSION FACTOR ON MILITARY PILOTS

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECT OF COMPONENTS OF THE WORK TENSION FACTOR ON MILITARY PILOTS

ISSN 2223-6775 Ukrainian journal of occupational health Vol.15, No 2, 2019

https://doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2019.02.162

Pashkovskyi S.M.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECT OF COMPONENTS OF THE WORK TENSION FACTOR ON MILITARY PILOTS

Ukrainian military-medical academy, Kyiv

Full article (PDF), UKR

Introduction. In our time, when the work of military pilots is becoming increasingly important in ensuring the country's defense, the task of preserving and improving the level of efficiency and occupational fitness of flight personnel is rather urgent. Therefore, the study of the influence of factors of work intensity in this regard is relevant and important for increasing the combat capability of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

The purpose of the study was to obtain the characteristics of the influence of various components of the work intensity factor on pilots of different age, taking into account levels of work efficiency and types of aircraft.

Materials and methods of the study. Using a special questionnaire compiled on the basis of the "Hygienic classification of labor ..." (2014), 17 parameters were estimated which characterize the intensity of work by the point scale, standard for this survey, as "very weak" - "very strong" feelings, except for the parameter “monotony of work", the scale value of which is opposite.

160 helicopter pilots and pilots of various qualifications and different age (pilots under 40 and over 40), whose occupational activity was carried out on various types of aircraft (helicopters, subsonic and supersonic jets) were surveyed and their impressions of various factors of work intensity were evaluated.

The efficiency of pilots’ work was estimated by the following parameters: class of the pilot, volume of the total flying time and the flying time over the last year. The aggregation of these data was performed using a factor analysis - factor values were calculated for each pilot, which reflected the efficiency of his work.

According to that parameter, all pilots were conditionally divided into two groups with “high” (factor value less than zero) and “low” (factor values greater than zero) efficiency of work.

The results of the study. For the first time in Ukraine, comparisons have been made on the effect of work factors for pilots with different work efficiencies, type of aircraft, as well as different age by parameters of the subjective feeling of their impact on the body.

Studies have shown that the compared groups differ insignificantly by the level of feelings. To a greater extent this concerns pilots under the age of 40 years. The analysis proved that the difference in feelings depended on the complexity, intensity, shift work and other work parameters provided by the command, taking into account the experience and effectiveness of pilots’ work.

Therefore, we can assume that, in general, (without taking into account the parameters of the tasks), the variables under study (work efficiency, age of the pilot and type of aircraft) do not significantly affect the functional state of pilots. This coincides with the general concept of work organization of a military pilot: a pilot must be healthy and efficient when performing his duties.

Conclusion. For the first time, a comparison has been made on the acting factors of work intensity of pilots with different levels of work efficiency, taking into account their age and type of aircraft. It has been established that there are certain small disagreements in assessing the effect of the mentioned factors on pilots, depending on the age, the level of the pilot's work efficiency, and the adequacy to the complexity of flight tasks proposed by the command.

The availability of a variety of feelings from the impact of some factors (“shift work”, “work monotony”, etc.) proves the importance of careful selection of pilots and monitoring their psycho-physiological qualities for timely identification of individuals with signs of disadaptation, which can significantly prevent decreasing combat capability of flight units.

Key words: factors of work intensity, a feeling of factor influence, work efficiency, pilots, age differences

References

  1. Bocharova S. P., Kisel S. G. and Plokhikh V. V. (2007), “Interference of information in the pilot’s operational memory in the process of the combined task solving”, Vestnik Mezhdunarodnoi Akademii problem cheloveka v aviatsii i kosmonavtiki, 25 (2), 30–35.
  2. Bukhtiyarov I.V., Yushkova OI, Fesenko M.A. and Merkulova A.G. (2018), “Assessment of the risk of fatigue in neuro-emotional workers”, Analiz riska zdorovyu, 1, 66-77. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2018.1.08.eng
  3. Vereshchagin A.I., Pilishenko V.A., Kurkin D.P. and Vinogradov S.A. (2015), “Work conditions and occupational morbidity of civil aviation pilots”, Gigiyena truda, 3 (264), 11-13.
  4. Efimenko V.V. and Sheshenov P.M. (2006), “Hygienic assessment of working conditions and prediction of assessment of health of engineering and technical staff of the Air forces exposed to high-intensity noise when servicing aircraft”, Vestnik Rossiyskoi voyenno-meditsinskoi akademii, 15 (1), 365.
  5. Iberla K. (1980), Faktornyi analiz [Factor analysis]. Translated from German by V. M. Ivanova, Statistika, Moscow, Russia,
  6. Kaznacheev V.P. (1996), Zdorovye natsii, prosvescheniye, obrazovaniye [Nation’s health, teaching, education], Moscow, Russian.
  7. Kalnysh V.V., Kompaniets O.A., Nahorna A.M. (2010), "Peculiarities of changes in the psychophysiological state of members of the air crew in flights", Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health, 3 (23), 33-40.
  8. Kompaniets O.A. (2009), “System of providing work capacity of the flight personnel of the Armed Forces”, Abstract, dissertation, Dr.Med.Sci., 14.02.01, Institute of Occupational Health of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
  9. Kravchuk V.V. (2005), “Peculiarities of psychophysiological status of pilots of different age and their state of health”, Abstract, dissertation, Cand. Med. Sci., 14.02.01, Institute of Occupational Health of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
  10. Krasilnikov, G.T., Krachko E.A. and Malchinsky F.V. (2016), “The structure of the health of a modern man”, Zdorovye naseleniya – osnova protsvetaniya Rosii [Population’s health – the foundations of the prosperity], 10th Sci.-practical Conference, Publishing House Yug , 154–158.
  11. Krachko EA, Krasilnikov G.T., Malchinsky F.V. and Medvedev V.I. (2017), “Theoretical and experimental study of occupational health of the flight crew”, Vestnik Rossiyskoi voyenno-meditsinskoi akademii ,4, 60, 240.
  12. Krachko E.A, and Mostipan M.V. (2011), Samostoyatelnaya trenirovka psikhofiziologicheskikh svoistv kursanta letnogo uchilischa [Independent training of psychophysiological properties of a flight attendant cadet], Voyenno-vozdushnaya akadenia, Krasnodar, Russia.
  13. Polozhennya z medychnogo zabezpechennya polyotiv derzhavnoi aviatsii Ukrainy. (2014), [Instructions on medical provision of flights of the state aviation of Ukraine], Order of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine of 18.12.2013, № 870, Ofitsiinyi visnyk Ukrainy, 14, 168.
  14. Ponomarenko V.A. (1997), “Psycho-physiological reserves of human occupational health”, Vestnik Ros. Akademii med.nauk, 4, 24-28.
  15. Chernikova E.F. (2015), “The impact of shift work on the health of workers”, Gigiyena i sanitaria, 94 (3), 44-48.
  16. Shvets A.V. (2007), “Substantiation of psychophysiological criteria for forecasting occupational suitability of military pilots for participation in peace-keeping operations”, Abstract, dissertation, Cand. Med.Sci., 14.02.01, Institute of Occupational Health of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
  17. Schepankov S.M. (2019), “Dynamics of psychophysiological states of military personnel of aviation units of the peacekeeping contingent during military service in countries of the African continent”, Abstract, dissertation, Cand. Med. Sci., 14.02.01, Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
  18. Ernsting’s Aviation and Space Medicine. (2016), 5th Edition (ed. David P. Gradwell and David J, Rainford), CRC Press, USA.
  19. Eyraud M.Y. and Borowsky M.S. (1985), “Age and pilot performance”, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 56 (5), 553-558.
  20. Federal Aviation Administration. (2016), "Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge", Aeromedical Factors , via FAA.
  21. Hardy D. J. and Parasuraman. R. (1997), “Cognition and flight performance in older pilots”, Journal of Experimental Psychology 3, 313–348. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-898X.3.4.313
  22. Kennedy Q., Taylor J.L., Reade G. and Yesavage J.A. (2010},”Age and expertise effects in aviation decision making and flight control in a flight simulator”, Aviat Space Environ Med, 81,489 –497. https://doi.org/10.3357/ASEM.2684.2010
  23. Li G., Baker S.P., Grabowski J.G., et al. (2003), “Age, flight experience, and risk of crash involvement in a cohort of professional pilots”, Am J Epidemiol, 157, 874 – 880. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwg071
  24. Woodrow A.D. and Andrew J.T. (2011), Handbook of Aerospace and Operational Physiology, Air Force Research Library, 7–42.

ORCID ID of the author:

Pashkovskyi S.M. (ORCID ID 0000-0001-7455-248X)