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Cardio-vasotoxic effect of heavy metal compounds and their nanoparticles (review)

ISSN 2223-6775 Ukrainian journal of occupational health Vol.18, No 3, 2022


https://doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2022.03.237

Cardio-vasotoxic effect of heavy metal compounds and their nanoparticles (review)

Trachtenberg I.M., Dmytrukha N.M., Kozlov K.P.
State Institution «Kundiiev Institute of Occupational Health of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», Kyiv


Full article (PDF): ENG / UKR

Introduction. Pathology of the cardiovascular system is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Ukraine. Many researchers attribute it to the effects of adverse occupational and environmental factors. Heavy metals and their compounds are among "classic" risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To date, it has been established that heavy metals in the form of ultadisperse particles with a size of <100 nm may be present in the air in some industries. The physicochemical properties of these particles help to overcome biological barriers and enhance the accumulation and toxic effects of heavy metals. Thus, the study of the characteristics and target organs of the toxic effects of heavy metal compounds and their nanoparticles (NPs) as anthropogenic pollutants on health of workers and the general population is an actual problem for occupational health and industrial toxicology.

The aim of the study. Search and data analysis of literature on the exposure to heavy metals, their NPs on the cardiovascular system, determining the features and mechanisms of their cardiovasotoxic action, establishing further prospects for assessing the safety of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials.

Materials and methods. Analytical review of modern scientific publications was performed using information databases Portalnano, PubMed and VI Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine using Internet resources.

Results. The article presents literature data on the features and mechanisms of the impact of heavy metals on the cardiovascular system, as well as the results of the study of cardiovasotoxic effects of metal NPs. Data from experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies prove that heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, iron, play an important and often leading role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in workers, including the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular pathology. At the same time, metal NPs have greater cumulative and toxic activity against heart and vascular cells, which is the cause of their death and dysfunction.

Conclusions. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the cardiotoxic effects of both heavy metals and their NPs are based on two main mechanisms: the impact on the structure and integrity of heart tissue and on the conduction system of vascular endothelium. Metal NPs in comparison to their micro- and ionic forms, easily overcome biobarriers, accumulate in heart tissue, stimulate oxidative stress and apoptosis of cells. The dominant mechanism in the development of cardiovascular diseases is their cyto- and genotoxic effect on cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.

Keywords: heavy metals, metal nanoparticles, cardiovascular system toxicity.

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